Individuals of East Asian descent can experience a reaction to alcohol known as ‘Asian glow’ or ‘Asian flush’, which is caused by a genetic mutation called mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2*2 (ALDH2*2) variant.
This reaction is not just a discomfort but can also be a severe warning, as it has been linked to various diseases including cancer, particularly in those who consume moderate to large amounts of alcohol. It is therefore essential to be aware of the implications of this genetic mutation and take appropriate measures to minimize health risks.
The Genetic Mutation and its Health Implications
Approximately 560 million people, or 8 percent of the global population, carry the ALDH2*2 variant, with the majority being of East Asian descent. Those with this mutation lack a functional enzyme that helps break down alcohol, leading to acetaldehyde—a toxic compound—building up in the blood.
This can cause facial flushing, nausea, sweating, headache, rapid heartbeat, and other symptoms that make up the reaction known as “Asian Glow” or “Asian Flush”.
Acetaldehyde is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the World Health Organization, meaning it has been proven to cause cancer in humans. Therefore, individuals with this mutation face a significantly higher risk of diseases such as esophageal cancer, head and neck cancers, gastric cancer, coronary artery disease, stroke, and osteoporosis.
Risk Factors and Health Consequences
The risk of esophageal cancer, for example, is 40 to 80 times higher in individuals with the ALDH2*2 variant who consume alcohol in moderation compared to those without the mutation. The relationship between alcohol consumption and disease risk is dose-dependent, meaning a higher alcohol intake further increases the risk.
It is crucial to recognize that the ALDH2*2 deficiency does not influence esophageal cancer risk in nondrinkers. Alcohol flush reaction has been associated with various other diseases, including osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease.
Lack of Awareness and Misconceptions
Despite the prevalence of alcohol flush reaction in East Asian populations, there remains a lack of awareness regarding its dangers. Many individuals view it as a mere inconvenience or even a sign of a strong liver. Moreover, misconceptions persist that moderate alcohol consumption is beneficial for health, which recent research has debunked.
The combination of ignorance and an increasing trend of alcohol consumption in East Asia has resulted in a significant burden of alcohol-attributable diseases, including cancer.
Promoting Education and Awareness
To address this issue, Taiwan Alcohol Intolerance Education Society have been established to educate the public about the health implications of alcohol flush reaction. Collaborating with the government, they aim to inform individuals about ALDH2 deficiency and its association with alcohol consumption.
Initiatives like the National Taiwan No Alcohol Day have been launched to raise awareness and encourage responsible drinking habits.
Research suggests that conveying genetic feedback and medical information specific to the ALDH2*2 variant can lead to significant reductions in alcohol consumption.
Conclusion
The ‘Asian glow’ or ‘Asian flush’ is not just a harmless reaction to alcohol; it is a severe warning sign of a genetic mutation that increases the risk of various diseases, especially in those who consume alcohol in moderate to large quantities. It is crucial to recognize the implications of this mutation and take proactive measures to minimize health risks.
By promoting education and awareness, individuals can make informed decisions about alcohol consumption and protect their long-term well-being.
